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Education: How to do a Literature Review

Middlesex Community College libraries offer students in education and related disciplines access to numerous resources. Use the tabs below to locate books, articles, media, websites and citation help.

What is a Literature Review?

Literature review:

A systematic review of the published literature on a specific topic or research question designed to analyze-- not just summarize-- scholarly writings that are related directly to your research question. 

It represents the literature that provides background information on your topic and shows a correspondence between those writings and your research question.  

This guide is designed to be a general resource for those completing a literature review in their field. 

A Literature Review is NOT

  • Not an annotated bibliography in which you summarize each article that you have reviewed. 

A literature review goes beyond basic summarizing to focus on the critical analysis of the reviewed works and their relationship to your research question.

  • Not a research paper where you select resources to support one side of an issue versus another. 

A literature review should explain and consider all sides of an argument in order to avoid bias, and areas of agreement and disagreement should be highlighted.

Why is a Literature Review Important?

A literature review is important because it:

  • Explains the background of research on a topic.
  • Demonstrates why a topic is significant to a subject area.
  • Helps focus your own research questions or problems
  • Discovers relationships between research studies/ideas.
  • Suggests unexplored ideas or populations
  • Identifies major themes, concepts, and researchers on a topic.
  • Tests assumptions; may help counter preconceived ideas and remove unconscious bias.
  • Identifies critical gaps, points of disagreement, or potentially flawed methodology or theoretical approaches.
  • Indicates potential directions for future research.